Post-semantic web enhances society and the meaning of data

David Gutelius — Sat, 24 Nov 2007 16:57:31 -0800

Description

In 1999, Tim Berners-Lee first described the semantic web in this way: " I have a dream for the Web [in which computers] become capable of analyzing all the data on the Web – the content, links, and transactions between people and computers. A ‘Semantic Web’, which should make this possible, has yet to emerge, but when it does, the day-to-day mechanisms of trade, bureaucracy and our daily lives will be handled by machines talking to machines. The ‘intelligent agents’ people have touted for ages will finally materialize."

Since that time, there has been significant progress towards making such an idea reality (note Radar Networks' Twine, or Metaweb's Freebase). It has also become more tightly constrained and defined (e.g. Wikipedia's current definition: "The Semantic Web is an evolving extension of the World Wide Web in which web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a format that can be read and used by software agents, thus permitting them to find, share and integrate information more easily.").

Going beyond RDF-related technologies OWL and other ontology frameworks, however, we may be approaching a post-semantic web phase of development of the Internet. It's not that the "semantic web" as Tim B-L dreamed it or Wikipedia defines has really fully appeared. In fact, I have a suspicion that in either case, it may never appear and function the way its proponents envision. For one, there is still deep disagreement over standards - for all its Sematicness, the community can't even agree on the semantics!

By post-semantic web, I do not mean that it has become irrelevant - but it is beginning to show signs of turning out far differently than anyone could have imagined.

We are now seeing advanced machine learning combined with natural language processing, social graph analysis, and data mining techniques that half a decade ago few could have imagined. These technologies are being put to use by incredibly powerful compute resources (particularly those in mesh or p2p networks) to pick up and analyze a tremendous array of "signals". By signals, I mean not just those most in vogue in "web 2.0" like tags or networks of friends, although these are new and valuable sources for machines to learn to serve people more effectively. I also mean "digital gestures" - small signals that convey meaning to others but differently than "natural language" typically conveys; examples might include symbology or avatars. We are becoming more expressive digitally, and we are now just beginning to be able to also harvest these expressions and have machines learn from them in order to adapt to us.

The artificial intelligence field has for many years been fascinated with the idea of autonomous agents - semi-stupid digital servants that can act on our behalf under certain circumstances. The recent push into probabilistic reasoning and advances in a particular subfield of AI called machine learning (a characteristically poor name for a field of inquiry, but oh well) has begun to produce something better than semi-stupid in terms of serving us users.

The promise of a post-semantic web goes beyond just a language and representation framework (the techno-wonk vision of the semantic web) or a series of agents that do things for people. It's really a combination of 1) the power of distributed computing, 2) the growing expressivity of digital life and the signals such a life leaves behind, and 3) a way for software to learn and adapt itself to serve users and the human communities that they belong to, better. The implications for such powerful applications are not that they necessarily do things for us (although that would be a useful side effect), but rather give us new cognitive, and perhaps social, capabilities that let us do what we humans already do - just more and better.

AAAI Symposium on Social Information Processing - http://www.aaai.org/Symposia/Spring/sss08symposia.php#ss06

iLink KDD - http://www.ai.sri.com/pub_list/1523

Radar Networks' Twine: http://www.radarnetworks.com/

Metaweb - http://www.metaweb.com/

Signals

Radar Networks: Twine

Machine-to-Machine Intelligence (m2mi) Corporation

Social Information Processing

New Technologies for Cooperation

Alex Soojung-Kim Pang — Tue, 23 Oct 2007 11:10:30 -0700

Description

New technologies for cooperation and a better understanding of cooperative strategies may create a new capacity for rapid, ad hoc, and distributed decision making.

Within 10 years, a range of nascent technologies and practices may come together in a way that enhances our ability to cooperate in both established and ad hoc groups. Examples of these tools for collective action include:

Self-organization mesh networks, which support new ways of creating and managing stocks and flows of information
Community computing grids, which model efficient use of resources and solve complex problems
Peer production networks, which provide a framework for rapid problem solving
Social mobile computing, which builds contextual understanding of problems and dilemmas and fosters trust and group identity in ad hoc situations
Social software, which builds trusted networks and networked knowledge bases to enhance sense making, trust, and emergent leadership
Social accounting methods, which take advantage of rating, ranking, and referral mechanisms to build trust and provide important management and control levers for leaders
Knowledge collectives, which demonstrate structures, rules and practices for managing knowledge as a collectively created common-pool resource

These new technological tools could support the emergence of new markets and spaces for creation of economic value by helping to overcome classic social and psychological obstacles to cooperative action. This could potentially lead to the emergence of new capitalist structures, akin to the development of limited-liability corporations during the early days of capitalism. By eliminating middlemen, and placing creative power in hands of consumers, these tools could facilitate new kinds of trade and commerce."

This will be enabled by:

Increasing broadband penetration
Development of advanced mobile devices and wireless data networks
Continuing development of software agents

Early indicators include:

The advent and rapid spread of wikis and blogs
Appropriation of art and media through mash-ups and remixing
Formation of clans in massively multiplayer online games

What to watch:

The first Nobel prize in economics is awarded for the study of cooperation in the (online) economy.
Fraud levels approach zero in trust-based online trading spaces.
New intellectual property regimes based on distributed co-creation gain traction.

peer production

Post-semantic web enhances society and the meaning of data

Description

Signals

New Technologies for Cooperation

Description

Signals