Stanislaus Dehaene, professor at the College of France, created a new discipline called numerical cognition which tries to understand neural basis of mathematical/numbers thinking. Using brain imaging techniques he has mapped what parts of the brain are involved in different mathematical reasoning/thinking processes. He has also created computational models of numerical cognition. His findings can be used to help improve mathematics education as well as understand different processes involved in mathematical thinking. THis is one in a series of new applications of brain imaging technologies to understand various cognitive processes.